Proses pernafasan juga dikenali sebagai proses respirasi. Semua benda hidup bernafas dengan tujuan untuk keterusan hidup.
(‘Breathing process also known as respiration. All living things breathe all the time to stay alive.’)
Apabila kita bernafas, kita akan menyedut gas oksigen dan menyingkirkan gas karbon dioksida dan wap air.
(‘When we breathe, we taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide and water vapour.’)
*Eksperimen tangkas (‘quick experiment’):
Untuk membuktikan kita menghasilkan wap air semasa bernafas, kita perlu menghembuskan nafas keluar ke arah cermin yang sejuk. Wap air akan terhasil pada permukaan cermin tersebut.
(‘To proof that water vapour is formed when we breathe, breathe out onto the surface of a cold mirror, water vapour will be formed on the mirror.’)
Gas oksigen diperlukan oleh badan untuk memecahkan makanan untuk memperolehi tenaga. Tenaga diperlukan untuk menjalankan aktiviti-aktiviti proses tubuh seperti tumbesaran, penyingkiran bahan buangan dan pembinaan sel-sel badan baru.
(‘Oxygen is required for breaking up food to produce energy. The energy needed for all the activities of the body such as growth, excretion and building of new cells.’)
Persamaan mewakili proses respirasi :
(‘Respiration equation’)
Organ pernafasan manusia ialah paru-paru.
(‘The Human Breathing Organs is lungs’)
Paru-paru bahagian kanan dan kiri.
(‘Right and left lungs’)
Paru-paru merupakan organ yang besar berwarna merah jambu terletak di dalam bahagian dada manusia dan mereka terdiri daripada tisu-tisu lembut.
(‘They are large pink organs located in the chest of a human and they consist of soft tissue.’)
Saluran sistem pernafasan manusia.
(‘The tract of human breathing system’)
Hidung, mulut, trakea (saluran pernafasan).Rerambut halus di dalam hidung bertindak sebagai penapis habuk dan zarah kecil dari udara.
(‘Fine hairs in our nose act as a filter to remove dust and any fine particles from the air.’)
Proses Pernafasan.
('The Breathing Process’)
Melibatkan proses tarik nafas dan lepas nafas.
(‘Involving inhalation and exhalation.’)
*Aktiviti pantas (‘quick activity’) : letakkan tangan di atas dada dan rasa pergerakannya. (‘put your hand on your chest, and you can feel the movement.’)
Semasa menarik nafas; dada naik ke atas, tulang rusuk terbuka, paru-paru mengembang, diafragma mengecut, dan udara masuk melalui hidung atau mulut.
(‘During inhalation, the chest moving upward, ribs opening, lungs expanding, diaphragm contracting, and air flows in to the body through the nose or mouth.’)
Kandungan udara semasa menarik nafas mengandungi lebih banyak oksigen berbanding kandungan udara semasa menghembus nafas.
(‘Inhaled air has more oxygen than exhaled air.’)
Semasa menghembus nafas; dada turun ke bawah, tulang rusuk tertutup, paru-paru mengecut, diafragma mengendur, dan udara keluar melalui mulut atau hidung.
(‘During exhalation, the chest moving downward, ribs closing, lungs contracting, diaphragm relaxing, and air flows out from the lungs, then to the surrounding through the mouth or nose.’)
Kandungan udara semasa menghembus nafas mengandungi lebih banyak karbon dioksida berbanding kandungan udara semasa menarik nafas.
(‘Exhaled air has more carbon dioxide than inhaled air.’)
Sila lihat video di bawah semasa berlaku aktiviti tarik dan hembus nafas :
(‘Watch the following about the inhalation and the exhalation.’)
Sila lihat video ini untuk lebih memahami sistem pernafasan :
(‘Watch the following video to understand more about breathing system.’)
Kadar pernafasan ialah bilangan pergerakan dada dalam satu-satu masa.
(‘The rate of breathing is the number of chest movements in a period of time.’)
Orang yang berbeza mempunyai kadar pernafasan yang berbeza. Ini bergantung kepada jantina mereka dan keperluan tenaga seperti seseorang memerlukan lebih tenaga jika badan mereka aktif, dan ini menyebabkan kadar pernafasan meningkat.
(‘Different people have different rates of breathing. This depends on their gender or energy requirement such as a person needs more energy if the body is active, so that their rates of breathing increasing.’)
Pengangkutan Oksigen:
Normalnya manusia memerlukan lebih kurang 300 liter oksigen per hari. Dalam keadaan tubuh bekerja berat maka oksigen yang diperlukan pun menjadi berlipat kali ganda dan sehingga 10 hingga 15 kali ganda. Ketika oksigen menembusi selaput alveolus, hemoglobin akan mengikat oksigen yang banyaknya akan disesuaikan dengan besar kecil tekanan udara.
Pada pembuluh darah arteri, tekanan oksigen dapat mencapat 100 mmHg dengan 19 cc oksigen. Sedangkan pada pembuluh darah vena tekanannya hanya 40 milimeter air raksa dengan 12 cc oksigen. Oksigen yang kita hasilkan dalam tubuh lebih kurang sebanyak 200 cc di mana setiap liter darah mampu melarutkan 4,3 cc karbon dioksida. karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan akan keluar dari jaringan menuju paruparu dengan bantuan darah.
Sila lihat video ini untuk lebih memahami proses pengangkutan oksigen dalam darah :
try this out !!!
What is Your Lung Volume?
Do you think you're fit and healthy? Let's test your lung volume to find out. Just how much air can your lungs can hold? With the help of a few simple household objects, some scientific know how and a dash of curiosity you can make this experiment look easy.
What you'll need:
- Clean plastic tubing
- A large plastic bottle
- Water
- Kitchen sink or large water basin
Instructions:
- Make sure the plastic tubing is clean
- Put about 10cm of water into your kitchen sink.
- Fill the plastic bottle right to the top with water.
- Put your hand over the top of the bottle to stop water escaping when you turn it upside down.
- Turn the bottle upside down. Place the top of the bottle under the water in the sink before removing your hand.
- Push one end of the plastic tube into the bottle.
- Take a big breath in.
- Breathe out as much air as you can through the tube.
- Measure the volume of air your lungs had in them.
- Make sure you clean up the area to finish.
What's happening?
As you breathe out through the tube, the air from your lungs takes the place of the water in the bottle. If you made sure you took a big breath in and breathed out fully then the resulting volume of water you pushed out is equivalent to how much air your lungs can hold. Having a big air capacity in your lungs means you can distribute oxygen around your body at a faster rate. The air capacity of lungs (or VO2 max) increases naturally as children grow up but can also be increased with regular exercise.
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